湘西北下古生界黑色页岩扫描电镜孔隙特征^*          下载免费PDF全文

范二平唐书恒  张成龙姜 文 《古地理学报》2014,16(1):133-142

利用扫描电镜对湘西北下古生界下寒武统牛蹄塘组和下志留统龙马溪组的黑色页岩样品进行了观察,进一步分析了黑色页岩中的微观孔隙类型、特征及其形成演化过程。区内两套黑色页岩内部发育多种储集空间类型,可概括分为3大类:矿物基质孔、有机质孔、微裂缝,其中矿物基质孔又可细分为粒间骨架孔、凝絮成因孔、溶蚀孔和基质晶间孔,有机质孔主要包括生物骨架孔和生烃残留孔。原始的沉积环境与成岩过程决定了泥页岩中的孔隙和微裂缝系统,不同的成岩阶段控制着页岩中孔隙结构的演化过程,进而影响着页岩气的赋存状态。泥页岩中这种复杂的微观孔隙网络系统为油气储集提供了有效空间,也为页岩气的渗流提供了主要通道,对页岩气的成藏和开发有重要意义。  相似文献   

龙门山映秀-北川断裂平溪黑色断层泥中有机质成分分析及对断层摩擦滑动性质的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张雷  何昌荣 《地震地质》2014,36(3)

通过对龙门山映秀-北川断裂平溪黑色断层泥一系列的分析测试,发现黑色断层泥中含有约9wt%的有机质组分,并且属于干酪根类型。通过对有机质的气相色谱质谱分析得到,其中主要的烷烃化合物成分为正构烷烃(C14-C21)、无环异戊二烯烷烃(姥鲛烷和植烷)、甾烷、萜烷和n烷基环已烷(C10-C21)。对有机化合物的初步分析表明,有机质形成于海相或咸水湖泊相的还原环境,并且赋存时间长,有机质成熟度高。通过对比实验发现,黑色断层泥中有机质的出现能够显著地弱化断层的摩擦强度以及提高断层摩擦滑动的稳定性。  相似文献   

内蒙浩尧尔忽洞金矿流体包裹体和矿床成因研究     

王得权  王建国  王义忠  刘建朝  张海东 《地质力学学报》2015,21(4):517-526

内蒙浩尧尔忽洞金矿中比鲁特岩组一、二岩性段是主要的赋矿层位,岩石类型有炭质变粉砂岩、粉砂质板岩、炭质板岩和千枚岩等。该组中Au含量是地壳丰度值的7.14倍,且碳含量较高,介于1%~7%之间。矿化过程分为4个阶段:早期石英脉阶段包裹体均一温度245.2~323.3℃,石英-黄铁矿阶段均一温度为236.9~317.5℃,石英-多金属硫化物阶段均一温度231.7~324.5℃,石英-碳酸盐阶段均一温度187.6~312.9℃。激光拉曼显微探针分析结果显示,气液两相包裹体中液相成分主要为H₂O,含少量CO₂;气相成分主要为CO₂,含少量的CH₄和N₂。氢、氧同位素特征表明成矿流体与岩浆热液关系密切。气相成分中大量有机成分可能是岩浆上侵促使地层中有机质发生热降解而生成的。矿床类型属于黑色岩系型金矿,与中亚成矿带的黑色岩系型金矿具有很高的可比性。   相似文献   

不同吸湿性的气溶胶对云和降水影响研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

陈玲  周筠珺 《高原山地气象研究》2014,34(1):90-95

气溶胶、云、降水相互关系是现今大气科学的前沿领域。本文总体概括了气溶胶作为云凝结核和冰核,对云宏微观物理特性及降水的影响原理研究的主要成果。并根据气溶胶自身化学性质的吸湿性,从吸湿性气溶胶和非吸湿性气溶胶两方面,重点探讨了模拟研究中,硫酸盐、海盐、沙尘、黑碳气溶胶对于云和降水的影响,以及各类气溶胶与其它类型气溶胶相比,作用于云降水的不同方式。提出之前研究工作的不足,以期为今后该方向的研究提供一些思路。   相似文献   

Impact of multispecies diatom bloom on plankton community structure in Sundarban mangrove wetland,India     

Sejuti Naha Biswas  Dibyendu Rakshit  Santosh Kumar Sarkar  Ranjit Kumar Sarangi  Kamala Kanta Satpathy 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

A multispecies bloom caused by the centric diatoms, viz. Coscinodiscus radiatus, Chaetoceros lorenzianus and the pennate diatom Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii was investigated in the context of its impact on phytoplankton and microzooplankton (the loricate ciliate tintinnids) in the coastal regions of Sagar Island, the western part of Sundarban mangrove wetland, India. Both number (15–18 species) and cell densities (12.3 × 10³ cells l⁻¹ to 11.4 × 10⁵ cells l⁻¹) of phytoplankton species increased during peak bloom phase, exhibiting moderately high species diversity (H′ = 2.86), richness (R′ = 6.38) and evenness (E′ = 0.80). The diatom bloom, which existed for a week, had a negative impact on the tintinnid community in terms of drastic changes in species diversity index (1.09–0.004) and population density (582.5 × 10³ to 50 × 10³ ind m⁻³). The bloom is suggested to have been driven by the aquaculture activities and river effluents resulting high nutrient concentrations in this region. An attempt has been made to correlate the satellite remote sensing-derived information to the bloom conditions. MODIS-Aqua derived chlorophyll maps have been interpreted.  相似文献   

Mass and spin co-evolution during the alignment of a black hole in a warped accretion disc     

A. Perego  M. Dotti  M. Colpi  M. Volonteri 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,399(4):2249-2263

In this paper, we explore the gravitomagnetic interaction of a black hole (BH) with a misaligned accretion disc to study BH spin precession and alignment jointly with BH mass M _BH and spin parameter a evolution, under the assumption that the disc is continually fed, in its outer region, by matter with angular momentum fixed on a given direction     . We develop an iterative scheme based on the adiabatic approximation to study the BH–disc co-evolution: in this approach, the accretion disc transits through a sequence of quasi-steady warped states (Bardeen–Petterson effect) and interacts with the BH until the spin   J _BH  aligns with     . For a BH aligning with a corotating disc, the fractional increase in mass is typically less than a few per cent, while the spin modulus can increase up to a few tens of per cent. The alignment time-scale     is of  ∼10⁵–10⁶ yr  for a maximally rotating BH accreting at the Eddington rate. BH–disc alignment from an initially counter-rotating disc tends to be more efficient compared to the specular corotating case due to the asymmetry seeded in the Kerr metric: counter-rotating matter carries a larger and opposite angular momentum when crossing the innermost stable orbit, so that the spin modulus decreases faster and so the relative inclination angle.  相似文献   

Corotational damping of discoseismic c modes in black hole accretion discs     

David Tsang  Dong Lai 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,393(3):992-998

Discoseismic c modes in accretion discs have been invoked to explain low-frequency variabilities observed in black hole X-ray binaries. These modes are trapped in the innermost region of the disc and have frequencies much lower than the rotation frequency at the disc inner radius. We show that because the trapped waves can tunnel through the evanescent barrier to the corotational wave zone, the c modes are damped due to wave absorption at the corotation resonance. We calculate the corotational damping rates of various c modes using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation. The damping rate varies widely depending on the mode frequency, the black hole spin parameter and the disc sound speed, and is generally much less than 10 per cent of the mode frequency. A sufficiently strong excitation mechanism is needed to overcome this corotational damping and make the mode observable.  相似文献   

Activation of the Blandford–Znajek mechanism in collapsing stars     

Serguei S. Komissarov  Maxim V. Barkov 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,397(3):1153-1168

The collapse of massive stars may result in the formation of accreting black holes in their interiors. The accreting stellar matter may advect substantial magnetic flux on to the black hole and promote the release of its rotational energy via magnetic stresses (the Blandford–Znajek mechanism). In this paper we explore whether this process can explain the stellar explosions and relativistic jets associated with long gamma-ray bursts. In particular, we show that the Blandford–Znajek mechanism is activated when the rest mass–energy density of matter drops below the energy density of the magnetic field in the near vicinity of the black hole (within its ergosphere). We also discuss whether such a strong magnetic field is in conflict with the rapid rotation of the stellar core required in the collapsar model, and suggest that the conflict can be avoided if the progenitor star is a component of a close binary. In this case the stellar rotation can be sustained via spin-orbital interaction. In an alternative scenario the magnetic field is generated in the accretion disc, but in this case the magnetic flux through the black hole ergosphere is not expected to be sufficiently high to explain the energetics of hypernovae by the BZ mechanism alone. However, this energy deficit can be recovered via the additional power provided by the disc.  相似文献   

The ultraluminous state     

Jeanette C. Gladstone  Timothy P. Roberts  Chris Done 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,397(4):1836-1851

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M _BH–σ relation in Sloan Digital Sky Survey flat-spectrum radio quasars     

Minfeng Gu  Zhaoyu Chen  Xinwu Cao 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,397(3):1705-1710

The relationship between the black hole mass and velocity dispersion indicated with [O  iii ] linewidth is investigated for a sample of 87 flat-spectrum radio quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3 quasar catalogue. We found that the   M _BH−σ_[O III]  relation is different from the Tremaine et al. relation for nearby inactive galaxies, with a larger black hole mass at given velocity dispersion. There is no strong evidence of cosmology evolution in the   M _BH−σ_[O III]  relation up to   z ∼ 0.8  . A significant correlation between the [O  iii ] luminosity and broad-line region (BLR) luminosity is found. When transferring the [O  iii ] luminosity to narrow-line region (NLR) luminosity, the BLR luminosity is, on average, larger than the NLR one by about one order of magnitude. We found a strong correlation between the synchrotron peak luminosity and NLR luminosity, which implies a tight relation between the jet physics and accretion process.  相似文献